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Tag: vaping studies
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E-cigarette & Vaping Studies
Vaping Studies
Although the Canadian government has not bothered with its own toxicity studies, several Countries have done thorough research on both the physical results from e-cigarettes, nicotine levels in the body compared with tobacco cigarettes, and secondhand vapor results. Here are a collection of studies on e-smoking.
How safe are electronic cigarettes? Health New Zealand, April 8th, 2008. Ruyan is one of the largest producers of e-cigarettes in the world. In this health New Zealand study, they looked into the following items regarding the e-cigarette:
- Actual nicotine content compared to labeled nicotine content in cartridges – Results: The labeling is similar to actual nicotine content
- Risk of microorganisms in cartridge liquid – Results: No tendency for microorganisms to grow in the liquid
- Metals in liquid – Results: Metals all < 1 ppm: Not a risk
- HCN, Butadiene, and acrylonitrile toxicant – Results: < 0.3 PPM: Not a risk
- Contamination from mouthpiece – Results: Sharing the e-cigarette mouthpiece is inadvisable
- Safety of e-cigarette ‘vapor’ for bystanders – Results: No increase in Carbon Monoxide exhaled, not restricted by smoke-free laws in New Zealand. Does not product second hand smoke.
Safety Report on the Ruyan e-cigarette cartridge and inhaled aerosol? Health New Zealand, October, 2008. In this follow-up study by Health New Zealand, they looked at additional facts about the e-cigarette, going deeper into the inhalation and expulsion of the vapor created by the e-cigarette:
- The toxicity of inhaled Propylene glycol – Results: Inhalation toxicity is not an issue
- The levels of TSNA’s – Results: The E-cigarette cartridge does not contain carcinogenic levels of TSNA’s
- The levels of PAH’s – Results: The E-cigarette cartridge does not contain any levels of PAH’s
- The levels of Radioactivity – Results: No gamma-emitting nucleotides were found above the detection limit.
- Safety of e-cigarette ‘vapor’ for bystanders – Results: No increase in Carbon Monoxide exhaled, not restricted by smoke-free laws in New Zealand. Does not product secondhand smoke.
- Overall findings – All toxicant’s in the e-cigarette cartridge, are at levels below those determined to be harmful, as well as below the minimum risk levels accepted by the US public health service and SOHA. The results obtained to date do not mitigate this report’s overall concluding that the e-cigarette is designed to be a safe alternative to smoking, and appears to be safe in absolute terms on all measurements we have applied. The composition of the cartridge liquid is not hazardous to health if used as intended.
Chemical composition of “instead” Electronic cigarette smoke juice and vapor – Alliance Technologies investigative analytical testing – December 2009. Instead is one of the larger sellers of e-cigarettes in malls in America. This is testing done specifically on their e-liquid and vapor production from their e-cigarettes.
Please Visit our Canadian Electronic Cigarette shop for all your e-cig needs. We carry a large selection of e-cigarettes, accessories, and e-liquid. If you are new to e-cigarettes, visit our Beginners guide, or read a few Testimonials from cigarette smokers who switched to the e-cigarette.
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Study shows switching tobacco cigarettes for e-cigarettes reduces exposure to numerous toxins and carcinogens
Exposure to Nicotine and Selected Toxicants in Cigarette Smokers Who Switched to Electronic Cigarettes: A Longitudinal Within-Subjects Observational Study
A newly released study has now again proven what many of us were already aware of. Smokers switching to vaping devices that contain nicotine but not tobacco will remove the deadly toxins found in tobacco cigarettes. This will go a long way toward the fight for vaping as a safer alternative to tobacco. It will hopeful help doctors to continue recommending vaping and vape
Abstract
Introduction: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are purported to deliver nicotine aerosol without any toxic combustion products present in tobacco smoke. In this longitudinal within-subjects observational study, we evaluated the effects of e-cigarettes on nicotine delivery and exposure to selected carcinogens and toxicants.
Methods: We measured seven nicotine metabolites and 17 tobacco smoke exposure biomarkers in the urine samples of 20 smokers collected before and after switching to pen-style M201 e-cigarettes for 2 weeks. Biomarkers were metabolites of 13 major carcinogens and toxicants in cigarette smoke: one tobacco-specific nitrosamine (NNK), eight volatile organic compounds (1,3-butadiene, crotonaldehyde, acrolein, benzene, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, ethylene oxide, and propylene oxide), and four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, and pyrene). Changes in urine biomarkers concentration were tested using repeated measures analysis of variance.
Results: In total, 45% of participants reported complete abstinence from cigarette smoking at 2 weeks, while 55% reported continued smoking. Levels of total nicotine and some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites did not change after switching from tobacco to e-cigarettes. All other biomarkers significantly decreased after 1 week of using e-cigarettes (p < .05). After 1 week, the greatest percentage reductions in biomarkers levels were observed for metabolites of 1,3-butadiene, benzene, and acrylonitrile. Total NNAL, a metabolite of NNK, declined by 57% and 64% after 1 and 2 weeks, respectively, while 3-hydroxyfluorene levels declined by 46% at week 1, and 34% at week 2.
Conclusions: After switching from tobacco to e-cigarettes, nicotine exposure remains unchanged, while exposure to selected carcinogens and toxicants is substantially reduced.
Implications: To our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrates that substituting tobacco cigarettes with an e-cigarette may reduce user exposure to numerous toxicants and carcinogens otherwise present in tobacco cigarettes. Data on reduced exposure to harmful constituents that are present in tobacco cigarettes and e-cigarettes can aid in evaluating e-cigarettes as a potential harm reduction device.
- Maciej L. Goniewicz, PharmD, PhD1,2,
- Michal Gawron, PharmD2,
- Danielle M. Smith, MPH1,
- Margaret Peng, BSc3,
- Peyton Jacob III, PhD3 and
- Neal L. Benowitz, MD3
+ Author Affiliations
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
- Department of General and Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Corresponding Author: Maciej L. Goniewicz, PharmD, PhD, Department of Health Behavior, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA. Telephone: 716-845-8541; Fax: 716-845-1268; E-mail: maciej.goniewicz@roswellpark.org
- Received March 21, 2016.
- Accepted June 15, 2016.
- © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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Britain’s Royal College of Physicians agree – Vaping much safer than smoking
Royal College of Physicians in Britain: Vaping Safer than Smoking
In a significant development, the Royal College of Physicians in Britain has stated that vaping is safer than smoking, a fact that the vaping community has been advocating for years. The College is now encouraging smokers to use e-cigarettes, endorsing them as a safer method for nicotine delivery.
The Report’s Findings
The report, titled “Nicotine without smoke: tobacco harm reduction,” is based on expert opinion and concludes that the hazards to health from inhaling e-cigarette vapours are likely less than the harms from smoking tobacco. The authors argue that people smoke because they are addicted to nicotine but are harmed by the tar and cancer-causing chemicals. They call smoking the biggest avoidable cause of death and disability and social inequalities in health in the U.K.
The Question of Young People and Vaping
The British group stated that there hasn’t been “demonstrated evidence of significant progression into smoking among young people.” This statement challenges the ‘gateway’ idea often used by many governments as a reason to ban or restrict e-cigarettes and vaping.
The Global Market for Vaping Products
The global market for “vaping” products was estimated at around $7 billion US in 2015. Tobacco smoking kills half of all smokers, plus at least another 600,000 people a year non-smokers through second-hand smoke. This makes it the world’s biggest preventable killer, with a predicted death toll of a billion by the end of the century, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).
Regulation of E-cigarettes in Canada
E-cigarettes with nicotine have not been approved for sale by Health Canada but are readily available. Many provinces ban sales of electronic cigarettes to minors. The Canadian Cancer Society says seven provinces (B.C., Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, N.S. and P.E.I.) have adopted legislation to regulate e-cigarettes by banning sales to minors, prohibiting e-cigarette use in public places and workplaces where smoking is banned, restricting advertising and promotion and other measures.
The Ideal Scenario
Linda Bauld, a professor at Stirling University, deputy director of the U.K. Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies and a co-author of the RCP report, stated, “The ideal is for people to use nothing. But when the alternative is smoking, people should be encouraged to use nicotine delivered in a cleaner form than in deadly cigarettes.”
The Anti-smoking Group ASH UK’s Response
The anti-smoking group ASH UK welcomed the report, saying it showed “that switching to vaping is a positive and sensible life choice” for smokers. “Electronic cigarette vapour does not contain smoke, which is why vaping is much less harmful,” said Deborah Arnott, ASH’s chief executive.
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Harm Reversal: E-cigs 96% Safer than Combustible Cigs
The University of Catania, Italy, has initiated a comprehensive clinical research program aimed at identifying early signs of sub-clinical injury in ‘healthy’ smokers who have transitioned to vaping, as well as those with pre-existing lung disease. The report states that the initial findings from this research are promising and generally support the beneficial impact of electronic cigarette use on respiratory outcomes, both in health and disease.
Positive Changes in Lung Function
‘Healthy’ smokers were encouraged to quit or reduce their tobacco consumption by switching to e-cigarettes. Changes in lung function were monitored for up to a year. The report highlights significant positive changes as early as 3 months, with steady progressive improvements thereafter. Notably, participants with pre-existing conditions such as asthma and COPD exhibited significant improvements in respiratory physiology and did not experience any asthma attacks.
E-cigarettes: A Less Harmful Option?
The report asserts that “compared to combustible cigarettes, e-vapour products are at least 96% less harmful. They may substantially reduce individual risk and population harm.” This suggests that e-cigarettes could potentially be a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes.
A Call for Regulatory Consideration
The report concludes with a recommendation for regulatory authorities to consider the emerging evidence on harm reversal when formulating policies. This underscores the importance of incorporating scientific findings into policy-making to ensure the health and safety of the public.
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Electronic Cigarettes Help You Quit Smoking – New Study Reveals
Electronic Cigarettes will help you quit smoking says a new study.
A new study of almost 6,000 smokers over five years has shown that the use of electronic cigarettes will help you quit smoking. Smokers are 60 percent more likely to successfully quit smoking if they use electronic cigarettes vs. other nicotine products such as patches and gums, or cold turkey.
This finding shows that electronic cigarettes will reduce tobacco-related deaths and illnesses dramatically when used by cigarette smokers looking to stop the tobacco habit. The use of electronic cigarettes will reduce lung cancer and other chronic respiratory diseases, and will reduce cardiovascular diseases, which are the number one killer in the world. People who quit smoking will reduce their chances of cardiovascular disease in half within one year of quitting smoking. Within five years of quitting smoking, the risk of cancer of the mouth, throat, and bladder. Within 2-5 years of quitting smoking, the risk of stroke is reduced to that of a non-smoker.
Robert West of University College London’s epidemiology and public health department stated: “E-cigarettes could substantially improve public health because of their widespread appeal and the huge health gains associated with stopping smoking,” It was Robert who leads this study.
This huge 5-year study surveyed 5,863 smokers between 2009 and 2014 who have tried to quit smoking. Of those smokers, 20% successfully quit smoking with the aid of e-cigarettes compared with 10.1% of those using traditional nicotine replacements such as patches and gums.
Those against electronic cigarettes point to a lack of long-term scientific evidence to show the safety of these devices, and also worry that e-cigarette use will become a more accepted practice, after spending many years reducing the use of traditional tobacco cigarettes. West agreed that the long-term results are not there, however, urges people to weigh them against the strong evidence we have on the harmful effects of tobacco smoke. He stated: “It’s not clear whether long-term use of e-cigarettes carries health risks, but from what is known about the contents of the vapour these will be much less than from smoking”.
Tobacco smoking kills half of the people who do it, and kills an estimated six million people each year, according to the World Health Organization.
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Electronic cigarettes with nicotine “very similar to drinking coffee” UK Professor reports
Electronic Cigarettes effects are very similar to drinking coffee
A UK professor has made a striking comparison between the effects of electronic cigarettes with nicotine and drinking coffee. This statement was made following a recent test conducted at Queen Mary University in London, England.
The Test and Its Findings
The test, supervised by Professor Peter Hayek, involved a subject who had his levels of carbon monoxide checked after using an electronic cigarette and then a tobacco cigarette. Hayek stated, “Many people perceive nicotine itself as a dangerous poison, but if nicotine is consumed without the accompanying toxins, as with an electronic cigarette, then the health effects would be very similar to drinking coffee.”
BBC reporter Graham Satchell further clarified that “E-cigarettes contain no discernible toxins or carbon monoxide.” The test involved using a carbon monoxide detector before the test, immediately after using an electronic cigarette, and then immediately after using a tobacco cigarette. The results clearly demonstrated that electronic cigarettes do not increase carbon monoxide levels in the body, unlike tobacco cigarettes.
The Dangers of Carbon Monoxide
Carbon monoxide is highly dangerous for the body. There is substantial evidence that high levels of carbon monoxide in the blood of smokers is a primary factor leading to increased rates of cardiovascular diseases, such as angina and heart attacks. It is evident that the reduced oxygen supply caused by carbon monoxide is a significant factor.
References:
- Electronic Cigarettes vs. Smoking – How do they compare?
- Carbon Monoxide in Cigarette Smoke